世界上年夜概没有哪一种说话文字不带粗语、脏话的成分。特别是文学作品里,粗语、脏话时有所见(所闻)。我们用母语演讲、写作时完全可以做到罕用或者不应用这类不高雅的字眼,但在作翻译时就情不自禁了。对原作中所出现的粗鄙字眼,即所谓"四字母词(four letter words)"假如避而不译,或者在翻译时随便加以"净化",说得轻点就是不"信",说得重点是对原作的曲解。无论原话有多"粗"、多"脏",它们毕竟是原作的有机构成部分。在文学作品中,出自某些人物之口的诅语、粗话,恰是他们心理活动、情感变更的写照。也是作家借以表示人物性格的重要手段之一。
英文里最常见的诅语生怕非"damn"一词莫属了。别的,"son of a bitch"也常用作骂人的话。对这些"老商标"诅语,汉语里似乎已有相对固定的译法,前者多译作"该逝世",后者常译为"婊子养的"或"狗狼养的"。有"老牌"就有"新秀"。发明,翻译公司是指以盈利为目的,从事商业的翻译经营活动并为客户提供翻译服务的企业或者实业,其主要形式为有限责任公司和股份有限公司两种形式,"shit"一词作为诅语,年夜有后来居上之势。在现代文学作品里,在人物的对话中,该词的出现频率相当高。不仅汉子将其挂在嘴边,女流之辈也几回再三应用;不但成人说,小孩也会用;受过优胜教导者时不时要用到,更不消说那些缺乏教养的"年夜老粗"们了。凡是碰到不顺心的事,或表示腻烦、不满、困惑想发牢骚时,人们动不动就是"shit"。正因为该词可用来表示多种复杂的心态和情感,在译成汉语时译者就得多一个心眼,不克不及把眼光逗留在英汉词典所列举的那么几个有限的选择上,而应根据高低文和其表达的不合含义,在汉语里遴选情感色彩响应或相当的同语加以表达。
请看下面的例句:
1.The telephone rang. "Shit,"Dale said. The phone kept running. "Don't answer it", she whispered. "It might be Joanna,"I said. "No. It's your fucking friend Bloom,"she said. It was my fucking friend Bloom."
恋人独处时当然欲望僻静,不肯外界打搅。对话双梗直是一对热恋中的情侣。德律风铃声年夜作时两人正在上演作爱前奏,怪不得女方口出租言。"shit"一词的脱口而出恰到好处地表示出了她此时的腻烦、不满之情,译成"憎恶"比较合适。(Joanna是男方与前妻所生的女儿,Bloom则是他同事)。
2.I put the receiver back on the cradle. Frank was still staring and scowling at me. "What'd he want?"he asked. "They've got George Harper. Morrie asked me to represent him during the Q and A." "Shit,"Frank said."
与上例一样,"shit"自力成句,但所表达的意义有所不合。Frank对本身的错误(一民事律师事务所的合作者)要去插手一桩刑事案件年夜为不悦,责备人家"多管闲事",在这种背下,"shit"译为"乱操琴'比较相符人物的心理。
除了自力成句外,"shit"还可在句子中充当其他成分,例如:
3."Some pow'ful shit.Cost enough,but,man,it was pow'ful."
这是一个黑人妇女在打针毒品后所说的,"shit"显然是毒品的代名词。 pow'ful shit可译为"挺厉害的玩意儿"。
4."Susan,"I said, my voice rising,"I called to tell you that I'm home and Joanria is still in Mexico,She'll be back this Saturday and that's all I have to say to you."
"That's not a11 Eliot will have to say to you." "I welcome a call from that mealy-mouthed shit,"I said, and hung up,trembling.
这是一对已离婚的夫妻在德律风里的对话。女方责备前夫不该本身先回国而把女儿留在墨西哥。 Eliot是女方"的私家律师中男方对他本来就有反感,听到前妻提到他的名字便气不打一处来,"shit"用来指人,可译为"混蛋"。
5."Yes. She was a very beautiful woman, Morrie." "Yeah,"he said, and shook his head,"That's the shit of it,ain't it?From what I get from the complaint,she was beaten up real bad.So now she turns up on the beach,burned to death.Does it seem like a coincidence to you?"
这是一个警官与律师在谈论一桩凶杀案。受害老是一个年青美男,案情扑朔迷离,警方束手无策,"shit"出自一个警官之口,恰是他无可奈何心境的写照。与例3、例4不合的是,该词在高低文中尽管也用作名词,但没有明白的指代关系R是暗示案情复杂,难以理清头绪,是以翻译时就不必定要译成响应的名词。将"That's the shit of it"译作"工作怪就怪在这里"。
下面再看看与"shit"有关的一个复合词。
6."Susan,cut it out." "Cut what out?" "This bullshit about Dale." "l certainly hope you don't use that kind of language in Jodanna's presence. It's bad enough…"
7. She told me a woman out on Fatback Key formed a committee…" "Oh,yeah,that
bullshit committee,…
在以上两例中,shit与bull一路构成bullshit,前一个为名词后一个用作形容词,润饰committee。从高低文看, 前者指的是措辞人前妻Susan对如今的恋人Dale所应用的一个很难听的称号,别的推敲到下文里对方的抗议,即"that kind of language和"bad enough…",认为可将bullshit译作"狗屁". bullshit committee措的是一个群体***团伙,故将其译作"乌七八糟委员会"。
除"shit"外,在此类词中较常见的还有"fuck(fucking,fucker),上海翻译公司,立足于为大众提供最专业、最多样化的翻译服务,是互联网时代新型的语言信息服务提供商,piss,cunt等,这些词单个地有时涌如今文章或作品里并不足为怪;但若同时涌如今同一句子中,则不得不令人称奇。下面就有这么一个例子:
"And her language…well, she curses a lot, even more than any of the other
girls do-that's normal for Saint Mark's, cursing a lot,the whole `shit,piss,cunt,fuck'routine, you know。 But Heather really goes overboard with it,like she's trying to prove how mature she is,you know what I mean?" I was still reeling over the string of profanities my fourteen-year-old daughter had casually dropped into the conversation。
双引号中是一位上中学的女儿向父亲介绍班上一位名叫Heather的同窗时所说的话,目标是想告诉父亲她这位同窗是若何满口脏话,不知耻辱,个中单引号里的四个词是典范的"four letter words"。翻开英汉词典,"shit"和"piss"分别是"年夜便"和"撒尿",如斯这般译成中文,平淡无奇,不足以表示Heather那种缺乏教化、俗弗成耐的"小痞子"神志。而"cunt"是女性生殖器,"fuck'是指产生性行动,直译过来显然也不当。碰到这种情况,译者不必拘泥于原文字面意义,应跳出原文局限,在汉语词汇中遴选出几个粗鄙、脏鄙的字眼来。将上文拟译如下:
"还有她的言谈……唉,她满口脏话,比其余女孩子脏话都多--在圣·马克中学,满口脏话者年夜有人在,像`他妈的,日他娘,狗日的,操你奶奶'之类,知道不?但希瑟更是有过之而无不及,像是要证实她是多么成熟似的。懂我的意思么?"我十四岁的女儿一口气说出了这么一长串粗暴的说话,一时令我木鸡之呆。
从字面上看,英语里的"四字母词"与汉语中的鄙语似乎想去甚远,但在表达后果上却根本一致,也算得上是一种"貌离神合"吧。
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